" *AL KAMSA*

The Breeding of the Five Distinctive Strains of  Pure Arab Horses.

The Bedouins of Arabia have been breeding the Arab Horse since Ismails time. During those thousands of years they have developed different strains and some of the strains have been bred among certain Bedouin families to perfection with absolute purity in their strains.

Arab Horses of such distinction have been named with their Strain and Family names. they are called 'ASIL' or 'THOROUGHBRED - NOBLE'.

Stallions of such pure strains and families must prove their value as stud horses and are Selected or 'Hadud'. They are used as sires in their own strains and families and a certain instinctive law has been established (since the development of about 160 different strains and families) in which to breed the selected stallions. (about this later)

One absolutely certain point is the fact that NO New Strain or family of superior value has been established since the existance of the five (AL KAMSA). It is an absolute historical fact that all light saddle or harness horses in any part of the world can be traced to one of the five strains of their superior families. No breeder in the world has ever realized this fact, even great authorities on the Arab Horse: breeders, writers, historians, etc., have overlooked the most important question of the pure breeding of the noble Arab Horse in its pure strains – TO PRESERVE THE CHARACTERISTIC, DISTINCTIVE AND INDIVIDUAL POINTS OF THE DIFFERENT STRAINS.

Even the authorities and experts in horse breeding of England, America, Germany, Hungary, Russia, France and others have looked at the Arab only as a 'breed' or 'race'; they have never been able to reproduce the qualities and equality of a pure and noble imported Arabian Horse. We have some instances where horses of some merit and value have been bred out of selections of certain types of Arab Horses, but such results are pure 'chance' or 'luck'. They miss the simple, but scientific selection of the right strains. *Any* Arab was just *an* Arab - Judging an Arab for values of conformation was the closest they ever got to the selection of Pure Blood of Characteristic Points.

A'BAIYAN Stallions (for example), a type of Arab Horse, that represents the old ideal of small Polo Horses, were mated with MINIKI Mares, a type representing the old foundation stock of the English thoroughbred, or SAKLAWI Stallions (representing a refined, elastic, showy Kentucky type) were mated with HAMDANI mares (representing a heavy, muscular type of immense endurance). But worse than this, strains *outside* the famous '5' have been mixed and intermixed again and again and today we can only find any Arab Horses outside the Desert of Arabia which show the distinctive marks and characteristic points of conformation of the individual strains.

What is 'instinct' to the Bedouin should be 'second nature' and 'scientific theory' with the educated, theoretical and practical breeder, that is, in the selection of types of absolute Purity we lay the foundation for scientific experimental work. This has been proved in the breeding of any animal - from Canary birds to Holstein cows. But we can go further and say, that the fanatical work or pure blood-experimenting among the Bedouins for thousands of years has resulted in the creation of '5' Superior types and over 150 other types of special value, but minor importance (we find the same thing in the experimental work in plant life: the date-palm, an Arab experimental work which resulted in the creation of a few superior date-varieties and over 100 of minor importance.) It would mean waste of time, patience and money to experiment over again what the Bedouins have acquired with pure blood and we would subject ourselves to work of little importance if we would breed outside the '5' Superior Strains, since any famous breed of horses of value and quality can be traced to the '5' Strains and their best families.

Since the migration of the Aneza and Shammar Bedouins from Central Arabia (1804) have entered corruption, decay and degeneration among these pure blooded Sons of Araby and their wonderful noble Horses. There are only a few Bedouin families scattered here and there in the Hamad (Desert of North Arabia), who are breeding the distinctive strains and families of Noble Arab Horses pure. There are a few sub-tribes of the Aneza too who are famous for the pure horses which they still own, otherwise, we find the Bedouins who come in contact with the settled Arabs and town people as careless or not so fanatic to breed in the pure lines.

The *Highest* test of pure blood is *closest* in breeding - The
Arab Horse can be inbred as close as possible (Mother to son or Sister to Brother, etc.) without bad effects on the physical and mental condition of the offspring. The Aneza-Bedouins knowing that, fear not close inbreeding of representatives of rare strains and families and we, as scientific breeders, should accordingly 'stretch' our rules and laws of breeding.

I condemn absolutely the matings of Arabian Stallions outside the '5' to Arab Mares of the '5' and I advise not to use for breeding any of such offspring. Mis-bred and degenerated Arabs can be regenerated to a certain extent with particular strains which represent the proper relationship from the Dam's side (as all Arab Horses take their inherited titles of strain and family from the Mare. A very wise method, as the Mare is considered the soil on which qualities or defects can grow, a thing overlooked by our most scientific breeders).

To come now to the breeding of pure strains and families, I repeat again, that there are the '5' which are superior and about eleven others which take care of the individual likes and dislikes for particular types
of horses.

*THE* *'5'* *AL* *KAMSA*

1. The *A'BAIYAN* with the best family of *SHARRAK*.
2. The *SAKLAWI* " " " " " *JIDRANI*.
3. The *KUHAILAN* " " " " " *A'JUZ*.
4. The *HAMDANI* " " " " " *SIMRI*.
5. The *MINIKI* " " " " " *HADRA*.


*ELEVEN* *OTHERS*

1. The *DAHMAN* with the best family of *KUMAIYIS*.
2. " *HADBAN* " " " " " *INZIHI*.
3. " *MILWAH* " " " " " *SHARBAN*.
4. " *MUKALLADIYA* " " " " *AL-AJGAM*.
5. " *RABDAN* " " " " " *ASH-SHAIBI*.
6. " *RISHAN* " " " " " *ARJASI*.
7. " *SA'DAN* " " " " " *TAUKAN*.
8. " *SAMHAN* " " " " " *AG-GUMIYA*.
9. " *SHUWAIMAN* " " " " *SABBAH*.
10. " *TUWAISAN* " " " " " *AL-KAMI*.
11. " *WADUAN* " " " " " *KIRSAN*.

Besides:-

1. The *MU'WAJ* with the best family of *HAMMAD*.
2. The *KUBAISHANUL* with the best family of *AMIR*.

and over 140 other sub-strains and families.

The KUHAILAN A'JUZ have laid the foundation for all strains and families of Arab Horses with the exception of the MINIKI HADRAJI, which are 50% KUHAILAN A'JUZ and 50% other origin. They (the KUHAILAN A'JUZ) are the most perfect, best balanced, finest in proportion and symmetric. They are the quintessence of the Arab blood.

The ABAIYAN SHARRAK are the most handsome, little Arabs, fine for the old type of Polo Horses, also good as Sires for Welsh ponies, etc. But there is hardly a demand for Abaiyan Sharrak in America.

Abaiyan Mares can be bred to:-

SAKLAWI JIDRANI
KUHAILAN A'JUZ
HAMDANI SIMRI

and best of all (for pure blood in strain) to ABAIYAN SHARRAK. Abaiyan *Stallions* can be bred *only* to Abaiyan Mares. Among the five strains the Abaiyan Stallions are considered of the least value, as they are small and have longer line of back which no Bedouin likes in a horse over 14.2 hands. Offspring from Abiyan Mares mated with Kuhailan improve in head. Offspring from Abaiyan Mares mated with Hamdani improve in muscle. Offspring from Abaiyan Mares mated with Saklawi improve in style.

The SAKLAWI JIDRANI are the most stylish, graceful Arabs. The small ones are the best, but the higher ones are much liked too - they are show horses, easy gaited, go well in harness and under saddle. They resemble the Kentucky Chid type. There is a great demand for perfect Saklawis over 14.3 hands, with lots of style and perfect performance. Saklawi Mares can be bred to KUHAILAN - HAMDANI and for the finest in strain SAKLAWI JIDRANI. Saklawi Stallions can be bred to A'BAIYAN and SAKLAWI. Offspring from SAKLAWI Mares mated with KUHAILAN improve in rounder, heavier shape and intelligence. Offspring from Saklawi Mares mated with HAMDANI improve in size, bone, but loose in style. The Saklawi are well curved and stylish and should not be bred to other strains, as the lose the rounder style, the refinement. A breeder should watch the long profile line of the Abaiyan - also the clumsiness and heaviness from the Hamdani (but the pure Hamdani itself are well proportioned and carry their muscle and bone in fine balance, giving strength and style (what they not do when bred to other strains).

The KUHAILAN A'JUZ, the Ideal Arabs, the old (A'JUZ) type. Fine as sire for Morgan type and western type horses. Considered in Europe the perfect cavalry horse with all qualities in desired perfection.

KUHAILAN Mares can be bred to KUHAILAN A'JUZ *ONLY*.
KUHAILAN STALLIONS can be bred to A'BAIYAN SHARRAK
" " " " " " SAKLAWI JIDRANI
" " " " " " HAMDANI SIMRI
and for purest strains:- KUHAILAN A'JUZ

The Kuhailan A'juz represent the most valuable strain, as they are the Ideal Saddle Horses without the weaknesses of the English Thoroughbred type. They are handsome, stylish, gentle, intelligent, strong and yet refined with great endurance and easy gaits. There is no absolutely pure representative of the 'Asil' and 'Hadud' - Kuhailan A'Juz Strain in the world outside Arabia. Kuhailan A'juz Mares mated with any other strain will show defects in their offspring:-

If mated with A'baiyan Stallion: smaller size, longer head, longer back, shorter cannon bones.
If mated with Saklawi Stallion: too fine bone, eventually smaller size, but no added style as should be expected.
If mated with Hamdani Stallion: loss in style, refinement, gain in endurance, muscle and bone.
If mated with Miniki Stallion: out of balance, symmetry and proportion as Miniki are rangy, running type.

THE HAMDANI SIMRI, closely related to the Kuhailan A'juz, but without their 'aristocratic' appearance. Builded on straight lines with greatest endurance. The plainest, simple straightest of all Arab Horses, but with powerful action and imposing style when in action. But I do not recommend for breeding in America, as the Saklawi are more stylish, the Miniki the fastest and thoroughbred like and the Kuhailan the ideal 'all-around' saddle (and harness) horse.

Hamdani Mares can be bred to Kuhailan A'juz Stallions.
and for purity in strain to Hamdani Simri Stallions.

Hamdani Stallions can be bred to A'baiyan Sharrak Mares.
Saklawi Jidrani Mares.
and for purity in strain to Hamdani Simri Mares.

Offspring from Hamdani Mares mated with Kuhailan Stallions show more refinement and intelligence: if mated with other strains than Hamdani, loss in strength, endurance, muscle and bone.

The MINIKI HADRAJI, representing the strain from which the English thoroughbred received its greatest influence for speed and 'heart' (from the Darley Arabian, imported from Arabia 1703 or 1705 by the English Consul in Aleffo). There is no absolutely pure Miniki Hadraji in any part of the world, outside the Desert of Arabia.


The world needs very, very badly some absolutely pure Miniki Hadraji to regenerate the English thoroughbred, the American Trotter, the Irish Hunter and any other runner, hackney, hunter or jumper. NO other strain can be mixed with the Miniki Hadraji, as they are only 50% of Kuhailan A'juz origin. In itself the Miniki are the greatest for speed and also great endurance - if bred with other strains, the offspring cannot be placed anywhere, they should not be called 'Asil' as they represent none of the '5' strains, with the exception of Killah (a Hadban Inzihi) - I will not give a detailed description. The Hadban Mares if mated to Kuhailan Stallions reproduce the Morgan type. Here is a short comparison.

1. DAHMAN KUMAIYIS like large Saklawi.
2. HADBAN INZIHI like Kuhailan, but not as refined.
3. MILWAH SHARBAN like large Abaiyan.
4. MUKALLADIYA ALAJGAM like the product of an Irish Hunter and
Kentucky with Arab points.
5. RABDAN ASH SHAIBI like a medium sized Miniki.
6. RISHAN ARJASI like Saklawi.
7. SA'DAN TAUKAN like Saklawi and medium sized Miniki.
8. SAMHAN AGGUMIYA large, like a stylish hackney.
9. SHUWAIMAN SABAH medium between Kuhailan and Miniki.
10. TUWAISAN AL KAMI very small, shorter than Abaiyan.
11. WADUAN KIRSAN small like A'baiyan, but finer yet.

1. MU'WAJ HAMMAD like Saklawi.
2. KUBAISHANUIL AMIR like Hamdani.

Mixing these strains with the '5' (Al Kamsa) has resulted in some instances in the production of an individual of higher qualities but never reaching the distinctive value of one of the '5' itself. Some Bedouins do breed these strains and mix them different ways, even with the '5'. But the results are poor, the best families of the Aneza who care for pure breeding do never consider such offspring 'Asil' (or Noble). As every every one of these strains and families outside the '5' are resembling one or the other strain of the '5' (Al Kamsa), the Bedouins use Mares of these 'Outside Strains' to Stallions of the 'Al Kamsa', but prefer stallions of the same strain and family for pure breeding. As result now:-

Nothing Superior but the '5' (Al Kamsa) and among the '5' of
highest value:

The SAKLAWI (for stylish show horses, saddle and harness)
The KUHAILAN (the Ideal saddle horse)
The MINIKI (the Ideal runner, hunter, hackney)

These three are the most valuable for the future of the horse breeding in this world.

The eleven head we have now will be 'bred up' to pure strains and through importing the best that I possibly can get. We should establish a DESERT STUD outside the Desert of Arabia where we will breed 'fanatical' - faithful to the pure strains and families. This Desert Stud should be so established, that in all the future the pure breeding will be secured. The desert climate will help to preserve the original characteristics and qualities of the Noble Arab Horse and will form at the same time a romantic poetic background as an Arab land setting. If you secure several hundred acres cheap desert land or at least 30 to 40 acres in a fine location and have the mares to in a pasture or level ground where they have a 'run-out' (15 acres) besides level ground with Bermuda grass as exercising field (12 to 15 acres) with a track around, the rest for the barns, cover for hay, living quarters. Have lots of trees and shade around (cotton wood and tamarisk, a few palms, etc.), 35 to 40 acres or a little more, would be plenty. If we breed only the three best and most desired strains, we would keep never more than four mares and one stallion of each strain (15 altogether). We could keep the mares, colts and fillies on the place all the year, only two or three months in summer move the Show Horses to the Riverside or Pomona track. I see a great advantage in having one place, as this would become a world famous place and with the years would develop into a piece of paradise. We cannot get away from the idea of the desert for the Arab Horses, as you establish something of the very greatest importance and with a background which is at once natural and also romantic, you could lay out the buildings in Arab style, square with a few arches, etc., and if handled right, should not cost more than otherwise. Even the barns, etc., could be builded that way. I could make some sketches if you wish and send it to you. Clarke's had a carpenter whom they paid $10.00 and he brought his own carpenters and was the boss on the place and builded cheap, as he worked too and supervised the same time. We could get him and I could look him up. But if you rather like Riverside and Pomona I would like it just the same.

The desert would have the advantage of the Arab background and you children and grand-children would have a real oasis where they could enjoy something with you and Mrs. Kellogg that could not be created under such ideal conditions in any other part in the world. I could bring from Arabia a few camels, a few antelopes (gazelles) Persian pheasants, white donkeys and a few other desert animals to create a place that would be unique in the whole world. The whole thing could be laid out artistic in the style of a 'Garden of Allah'. You could have a few acres of garden and lawn fenced in with gazelles, pheasants and other animals, have your home close by with an Arab tower overlooking the 'Arab Oasis.' If you like such an idea, I can work it out for you, make you sketches and plans and you may form your own plans. I only feel that if you spend money on land, buildings and improvements that you may get something that will bring you real joy and happiness that you create a show-place and a background that will be appreciated by people of refinement and a gentle character. Something which you will enjoy as long as you live and for your children and grand children; something, from which blessing and inspirations will come to horse breeders, poets, painters, lovers of nature and God's wonderful creation and creatures. This is only a suggestion before you leave to think over it while you go East.

Here are a few questions:-

1. If you like to get some books on Arabia and the Arab horse, I will make a list and mail it.

2. If you like to become a Member of the Arab Society in England too, I will write for application, formula and their English Stud books of Arab horses.

3. Films and pictures - Write me what you want, I send everything; about expenses, about this and hay, chloride of lime, etc., I will write to you and account for every cent.

4. We need one or two more complete bits and one saddle. I have one which Mr. Clarke returned to me (it was my own) and I turn it in to you, also the bit.

5. About a ranch. I will look around and report to you about it and possibly take some pictures when necessary. I have my small Araflex and it will be good enough to make good pictures which enlarge good (The one I gave you and the others which I include today were made from small films of my Araflex (1A-2 1/2 x 4 1/4).

My camera needs a shutter repair which I will do right away. The large Araflex belongs to Mrs. Clarke and I took 24 pictures this morning (all the films I was able to get for this Araflex) I will make some more pictures when the wind does not blow. Please send one print of each and 2 or 3 of the good ones. The Hartford Life Stock Insurance man wants a few for their publication (monthly). I will make a few artistic pictures for the Physical Culture Magazine (our Stallions with a human figure) which you might be able to use as advertising (what Bran will do for horses - All Bran will do for Men: Health, Strength, Vigor, etc.)

Pearson's (Pearson) Ranch near Palm Springs is for sale and probably the finest location near Palm Springs. If you want me to look it up, I do it. Also the ranch next to Cook's Date Gardens. Whatever I hear about, I will let you know and whatever you want me to do, let me know.

The Horses are all insured, except Deyr. $1500.00 a piece;
including ($150.00 extra cost) while on transport to any place in Canada or United States, this is $37.50 more the man told me, but you are insured anytime you send one or all horses to a show or fair or move them around. There will be a number of things that you wish to have settled. Just write me and I take care of everything. Don't worry - we are here until June and then move by Riverside Transportation Company, unless you arrange otherwise.

I will have to close now, as I have to get the Stallions ready and meet you at the train. May God bless you, your dear wife and family and may you return happy and in good health and may God give his blessing for our work.

Gratefully yours,

Carl Schmidt & family.
W. K. Kellogg's Desert Arab Stud,
Indio, California."